Other common names amaranth 'Red Army' Family Amaranthaceae Genus Amaranthus can be upright or spreading annuals or short-lived perennials, with simple leaves and tiny flowers borne in dense, erect or pendulous, catkin-like inflorescences in summer and autumn Source and variability for nutritive aspects in amaranth (Amaranthus species). Grant WF, 1959. By combining complementary proteins, you may be able to increase the overall quality of the protein you consume.Read more about Protein Quality, Footnotes for Amaranth leaves, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt, NUTRITION DATA'S OPINION Mosyakin and Robertson (1999) proposed the new nothosection Dubia Mosyakin & K. R. Robertson (subgenus Amaranthus section Amaranthus) to house A. dubius, which is a morphologically deviant allopolyploid taxon very closely related to both A. spinosus L. (Sect. Alegbejo, J. O., 2013. The name Amaranthus dubius was first published by Martius (1814) without diagnosis and description, so it has to be considered invalid (McNeill et al., 2012). Guézou A, Trueman M, Buddenhagen C E, Chamorro S, Mireya Guerrero A, Pozo P, Atkinson R, 2010. Inflorescences terminal panicles and axillary spikes; panicles erect or often drooping, green, dense, branched, leafless at least distally. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. George ST, Barat GK, Sivakami N, Choudhury B, 1989. In: Amaranthaceae, 1 [ed. Vitamin A and C are also present in significant levels. A. dubius is usually an annual herb (therophyte) with a short life-cycle. Liogier H A, 1990. PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes)., [ed. Australian Quarantine & Inspection Service, 110 pp. Utricles ovoid or subglobose, 1.5-2 mm, slightly shorter than tepals, smooth to irregularly wrinkled, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. - a newly naturalized plant of mainland of China. Dunlop E, Hardcastle J, Shah NJ, 2005. CABI. http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. It is cultivated in many countries, especially in Africa, but it can be difficult to know whether its presence in a country is only as a cultivated plant or as a naturalised plant. Each plant produces a high number of seeds. 1-57. Facts. Freshly harvested leaves from each of the growing sites were analyzed for proximate composition of beta‐carotene, reduced ascorbic acid, minerals iron, calcium, phosphorous and the antinutrients oxalates and nitrates. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PROTA, 2014. Srivasta V, Pal M, Nair PKK, 1977. 1951-1957. Croatia Airlines anticipates the busiest summer season in history. Therefore, it would be interesting to study it. It is also a good source of Niacin, and a very good source of Protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, Copper and Manganese. GBIF, 2015. Cousin Island. Cadmium contamination in green leaves grown in Madurai District, India., International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(2):610-616 http://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-2/N.Sasirekha%20and%20P.S.Navaraj.pdf. 7,620,531. This species has been widely introduced as a green vegetable for human consumption and as a medicinal herb. Wageningen, Netherlands: PROTA. These are Amaranthus blitum, A. dubius, A. caudatus, A. cruentus, A. deflexus, A. graecizans, A. hybridus, A. hypochondriacus, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. thunbergii, A. tricolor and A. viridis. Effects of intercropping on fresh leaf yield of Amaranth (A. dubius) in Western Kenya., Acta Horticulturae:173-180 http://www.actahort.org, Okafo, C. N., Umoh, V. J., Galadima, M., 2003. Its preferred soils are fertile, well-drained and with a loose structure (Grubben, 2004). Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Bot, 44:1-4. Physiological and genetic integrity of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) Nutritional Value. Seburanga JL, 2014. Biyun Village, Kuangtung st.. Naturalized, New Caledonia and Ile Grande Terre islands, Mainly in the north; Original citation: Pinto and Velásuez (2010), Average temp. The PLANTS Database. Costea M, Sanders A, Waines G, 2001. Amaranthus dubius Mart. Flora of Cuba. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 83(4):1039-1066. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our Mo. and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement ex Thell. A. dubius could cause a loss of biodiversity, especially decreasing floristic richness, in communities where it is naturalized and where it is becoming invasive, such as in Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012), Taiwan (Chen et al., 2007), Australia (Palmer, 2009) and Pacific islands (PIER, 2014). Carmona Pinto W, Orsini Velásquez G, 2010. In Kenya it is cooked with other leaf vegetables such as Solanum spp., Cleome gynandra and Launaea cornuta. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, 1996. Sreelathakumary, I., Peter, K. V., 1993. A. dubius is not known to differ from other Amaranthus species in its susceptibility to herbicides. PIER, 2014. Fresh or tender leaves and shoots are added to salads and juiced. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Bot, 44 1-4. ex Thell. (Amaranthus dubius Mart. Townsend CC, 1980. Nutritional value and utilization of amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) Vegetable seed production., In: Vegetable seed production. 52 (1), 59-69. http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/taiwania. A. dubius is recorded as invasive on Cousine Island, Seychelles, where it occupies plateau and high woodland areas (Dunlop et al., 2005). A study of the pollen grains of Amaranthus spinosus Linne and A. dubius Mart ex Thellung and their hybrids. Amaratnh leaves are storehouse for many phytonutrients, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins which contribute immensely to health and wellness. Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 33(2):329. http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0084-59062010000200009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es. Liogier HA, 1990. 6/98.]. Vacation in Croatia. Bot. by Dassanayake, M. D. \Fosberg, F. R.]. In China, it is added to soups and stir-fries. PROTA (2014) noted that ‘it is almost impossible to make a distinction between A. dubius and A. spinosus based on morphological characters’ other than by the axillary spines in A. spinosus. (AP) treated with salt and barley. ex Thell. Flora of Ecuador, 28. Historical and typification study; biometric intra- and interpopulation analyses on specimens collected from both native areas (central and southern America) and exotic ones (especially Africa); molecular studies at population level (both intrapopulational, especially for American native populations, and interpopulational, especially in comparison between American native populations and xenophyte populations in Africa, Asia and Australia), and comparative studies between the section Dubia Mosyakin & K. R. Robertson, the section Centrusa Griseb. It is also recorded growing in disturbed sites in Hawaii, in secondary vegetation, and as a weed in clearings, gardens, waste places and plantations (PIER, 2014). PROTA4U web database., [ed. Singh, U. C., Sundararajan, S., Veeraragavathatham, D., 1985. Pancho HL, Herberger JV, Plucknett JP, Donald L, 1979. On Cousine Island, Seychelles, where A. dubius is recorded as invasive, Dunlop et al. 2007). Pinto WC, Velásuez GO, 2010. Amaranth leaves, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt, Source: Nutrient data for this listing was provided by USDA SR-21. [Miscellaneous Publication No. 289 pp. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Brown G, Mies B, 2012. George, R. A. T., 2009. However, especially in tropical Africa it is widely naturalized and cultivated and could compete with other cultivated plants, causing a reduction in agricultural income (see for example Costea et al., 2001a; Iamonico, 2010). Botanica Serbica, 34(2):137-145. http://botanicaserbica.bio.bg.ac.rs/arhiva/pdf/2010_34_2_521_full.pdf, Kehinde, T. O., Ajala, M. O., Daniel, I. O., Oyelakin, O. O., 2013. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010276. Preliminary results toward a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus species complex (Amaranthaceae). Flowering plants of Jamaica. Vegetables., In: Plant resources of tropical Africa 2. Amaranthus dubius Mart. New infrageneric taxa and combinations in Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). > 0°C, dry summers, Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall, Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye, Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches, Highly adaptable to different environments, Benefits from human association (i.e. Sida, 19(4):975-992. Notes on four newly naturalized plants in Taiwan. A. dubius has been intentionally introduced and grown as a green vegetable for human consumption in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, but there is also a high probability that it has been introduced unintentionally as a contaminant due to the small size of its seeds (PROTA, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2015). A geographical atlas of world weeds. 19 (1), 107-128. http://science.dec.wa.gov.au/nuytsia. Rich In Iron Levels: For treating anaemia, red spinach can be easily used solely because of the good … ex Thell. Foods that have roughly the same number of calories from fats, calories, and protein will be found closer to the center of the pyramid.Read more about the Caloric Ratio Pyramid, Caloric Ratio Pyramid for Amaranth leaves, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt, ESTIMATED GLYCEMIC LOAD™ Foods that have more essential nutrients per calorie are considered better choices for optimum health.Nutrition Data also indicates whether a food is particularly high or low in various nutrients, according to the dietary recommendations of the FDA.Read more about Nutrition Data's opinion. Amaranthus L. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllydae, part 1), 4 (1) 410-435. It could also propagate and spread in Europe, possible by human activity and bird migrations. Seeds are dispersed by wind, water, birds and as a contaminant in pasture and crop seeds and attached in agricultural machinery. Nuytsia, 19(1):107-128. (Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur: (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay))., USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. One cup of amaranth leaves, that are cooked, boiled, and drained contains 90 % vitamin C daily value requirement, 73 % vitamin A, 28 % calcium and 17 % iron. University of Peradeniya & Smithsonian Institution, 1-57. Grubben, G. J. H., Denton, O. Flowering starts after 4-8 weeks, showing a weak quantitative short-day reaction. Sukhorukov PA, 2011. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. Current knowledge on Amaranthus spp. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Regnum Vegetable), 154:1-208. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff MG, et al. Sasirekha, N., Navaraj, P. S., 2015. Gdn, 54(2):103-37. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 391 pp. In: Atoll Research Bulletin, 495 48-71. Vegetative development is fast. Pal M, Khoshoo TM, 1965. © Copyright 2021 CAB International. Natural interspecific hybridization between Amaranthus dubius and A. spinosus. by Grubben, G. J. H. \Denton, O. Acta Botánica Venezuelica, 33(2):329-356. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2015. Amaranth leaves contain only traces of fats and no cholesterol. Acevedo-Rodríguez P, 1996. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Because of its high nutritional value and digestibility, it has potential as a food and feed supplements. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies, 848 pp. Stems erect, green, branched, 0.3-1 m. Leaves: petiole of proximal leaves equalling or longer than blade, becoming shorter distally; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate to elliptic, (1.5-)3-12(-20) by (0.6-)2-8(-10) cm, base broadly cuneate, margins entire, apex slightly acuminate to obtuse and faintly emarginate, mucronate; stipules absent. Mosyakin SL, Robertson KR, 2004. Effect of plant part and harvesting season E. Molina , P. González-Redondo , R. Moreno-Rojas , K. Montero-Quintero , R. Ferrer , A. Sánchez-Urdaneta 3348 pp. 1. Although few (if any) individual foods provide all the essential nutrients, the Nutrient Balance Indicator and Completeness Score can help you construct meals that are nutritionally balanced and complete.Read more about the Nutrient Balance Indicator, Protein Quality for Amaranth leaves, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt, PROTEIN QUALITY Centrusa Griseb.) The nutritional value of amaranth has been extensively studied (Becker et The spoke for dietary fiber is colored green, protein is blue, vitamins are purple, minerals are white, and yellow represents a group of commonly overconsumed nutrients: saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.A Completeness Score between 0 and 100 is a relative indication of how complete the food is with respect to these nutrients. Thellung (1912) validly published the name. McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, Proud'Homme Reine WFvan, Smith JF, Wiersema JH, 2012. nternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Melbourne Code). In Africa A. dubius is locally naturalized. amaranthus hybridus nutritional value. McIntyre G, 1991. Amaranth: Amaranthus spp. Rent your own island in Croatia! Zuloaga FO, Morrone O, Belgrano MJ, 2008. > 10°C, Cold average temp. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0010276. Kromosomo, 2(51-52):1665-1674. Mosyakin SL, Robertson KR, 2003. Martius CFPvon, 1814. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. (Bangalore), 34:370-371. A. dubius is mainly used as a leaf vegetable, both in Africa (Grubben, 2004) and in Asia (George et al., 1989). Amaranth grain is extremely nutritional pseudocereal with a higher amount of proteins when compared to true cereals. Nutrition Data awards foods 0 to 5 stars in each of three categories, based on their nutrient density (ND Rating) and their satiating effect (Fullness Factor™).
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