Tree shelters provide a "greenhouse effect" by reducing wind and increasing humidity. Tree shelters are expensive and may not be economical for large projects. For example, aspen, black cherry, larch, red pine, and black walnut are shade-intolerant species. Correct for tree form by pruning out double leaders when trees are young. Mulch: Apply two to four inches of mulch around the tree over the area of the root ball to reduce the growth of weeds and retain water in the soil. Trees planted after mid-May might not survive summer's intense heat and water stress. Maple, Bigtooth Common Name: Bigtooth Maple Acer grandidentatum Tree Size: Medium Leaf Type: Deciduous Comments: Hill Country native. In areas where seedlings require protection from deer, consider using woven-wire fence or plastic mesh. Store them in a cool, damp environment in the original packaging, protected from freezing. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Some people speculate that bears view tree shelters as toys. If you have a courtyard garden or just a deck or terrace, you can successfully grow a Japanese Maple by planting it in a container or planter box. Be careful not to damage stems and buds. This tree can live for a very long time and it is important to develop proper trunk and branch structure early in the life of the tree. Figure 8. Tree roots cannot live in sterile mediums such as concrete and will never seek to penetrate foundation walls. Naturally occurring seedlings, like the walnut shown here, give the site a more natural appearance and speed up reforestation. When determining spacing, consider the tree's crown width when it reaches a useful size. Herbicide treatments can include broadcast, spot, or row applications in the late summer or fall prior to planting. Figure 11. The WestCOG analysis said that the tree planting program averages $770.42 per tree. Only remove from storage what can be planted that day. Planting success in these "regeneration openings" can be improved by cutting and using an herbicide to control any undesirable herbaceous vegetation, trees, and shrubs prior to planting. Before doing any digging, make sure to request underground utility locates to check for buried cables and wires on your property. In general, plant trees at a closer spacing for quality hardwood production. Call your local municipality to learn who to contact and do not plant tall-growing trees close to overhead utility lines. The Coral Bark is a large Japanese maple tree, sometimes reaching as much as 25 feet. Desired results are often evident in as little as 5 years following planting; the planted area will begin to transform into a forest. Herbicide competing vegetation as necessary. Plant as young a tree with a healthy root system as your site will allow. However, planting trees can accelerate the natural progression or succession from field to forest or enrich a newly regenerating forest with an uncommon species. To deter buck rubbing, keep shelters in place as long as possible, until tree is nearly the diameter of the tube. Mowing encourages a flush of new growth, thus increasing herbicide effectiveness. This red oak seedling was browsed heavily as soon as it emerged from the top of the shelter. The estimated number of trees they calculated would be 16,500 trees over 33 years. Allow time for soil to settle before planting. Another common problem is losing backfill material in debris that surrounds the planting hole. It is important to select tree species that can thrive under given conditions. Emperor One Japanese Maple. Figure 16. This dwarf shade tree offers 3 seasons of rich red to purple color. Figure 22. In clay soils, the sides of the hole can become "glazed," preventing tree roots from growing beyond the loose soil in the backfill. Natural tree seedling regeneration will be encouraged by not mowing between planted trees. *Nonnative species. Hold the tree straight while the planting hole is backfilled. The first step is to determine what type of Maple Tree works best for the planting location. Wind speeds of less than 10 mph reduce chemical drift onto desirable seedlings or nearby plants. For a planting project to be successful, find the overlap among site conditions, ownership objectives, and characteristics of desired species. Consider the following: These site factors influence species selection. Controlling weed competition around individual seedlings is one of the most important maintenance practices performed during the first 3-5 years. Also important is soil structure. Afterwards, there was a feast, and did not miss the dance. Bears are curious animals. These are quite expensive, difficult to handle, and not recommended for large-scale plantings. Tree & Plant Care. An auger works well for planting hardwood seedlings with relatively large root systems. Seedlings should have a balanced 1:1 shoot-to-root ratio. Voles can damage and kill trees as large as 3-4 inches in diameter by gnawing on roots and girdling stems. Also, mowing destroys beneficial wildlife habitat and prevents natural succession of the site from occurring, thus slowing the reforestation process. In high-traffic areas, larger trees will be needed. Without netting, birds may enter the tubes in search of nesting sites and become trapped. Figure 6.This photo depicts potted, containerized seedlings, or tublings, and "bare-root" seedlings. Tree planting is easy if you follow these simple steps and remember to “keep the green side up!”. Observing and learning about the planting site a year or more before planting will provide useful insights. There are a couple of pitfalls when using this type of equipment. Figure 13. They are a leading cause of failures in tree planting projects. Stem cuttings, such as this shrub willow, are used to establish willow and poplar plantings. Dig a hole with a planting shovel, mattock, or auger. If planting is not possible right away, store the tree in a cool, shaded area and water as needed to keep the roots and soil moist. If a nearby but similar site already has trees, those trees may be a good indicator of existing site and soil conditions and what species may do well on your site. When placed in the hole, the root collar (i.e. Be sure to keep mulch two to three inches away from the trunk of the tree. Nurseries grow bare-root seedlings in nursery beds, lift them during the dormant season, and bundle them without soil. For more specific information, please consult your local garden center, district agriculturalist, forester or forest technician, library, or tree nursery staff on proper planting procedures for individual species. The cost of tree shelters should include a support stake and bird netting to cover the top of shelters. Walk site with natural resource professional. Do not transport seedlings in the bed of a truck unless it is a cool, cloudy day or they are covered with a tarp. Objectives for planting are numerous and varied and include: Try answering the following questions to help you determine your objectives: What purpose(s) do you want the planting to serve? Marking spots with flags or stakes will ensure seedlings are planted in treated locations come spring. Settling can also be minimized by augering the hole only as deep as necessary to accommodate the tree roots. Use about one cup of a well-balanced 10-10-10 granular fertilizer around the base of a newly planted Amur maple in the early spring after fall planting, or six to eight weeks after spring planting, to encourage rapid growth. In Pennsylvania, the best time to plant is between early March and early May. From the little 8-foot (2.5 m.) Japanese maple to the towering sugar maple that can reach heights of 100 feet (30.5 m.) or more, the Acer family offers a tree just the right size for every situation. Read our main FAQs page for more questions about tree planting, tree maintenance and Tree Canada. An auger works well for planting hardwood seedlings with relatively large root systems. Autumn blaze maple trees boast both beautiful fall foliage and a shapely form, making them the ideal pick for landscaping large areas. Planting a diversity of species will ensure the site is less prone to attack by insects and diseases. This is a myth. Figure 16. Inspect seedlings monthly; maintain protectors. Trees rely on stored starches in their roots when they are being transplanted until enough new roots are grown to sustain tree growth. Herbicide competing vegetation as necessary (two applications may be necessary each year). Protect your tree well during transport by padding the trunk and branches gently with burlap and tying loose ends with soft rope or twine. These containers are either plastic or biodegradable; with plastic containers, it is necessary to remove the container prior to planting. Because bare-root seedlings are economical and easy to handle, they are most commonly used for large planting projects. Remove stakes after one year. When a tree is planted in soil that is radically different than the original soil it is growing in, or when new soil is too rich, it can be harmful to the tree as the roots will refuse to grow outside the planting hole, creating problems for the tree’s roots not anchoring properly. This striped maple was cut and stump treated with a herbicide containing triclopyr to prevent it from resprouting and competing with planted seedlings. It said that the average per year that the Committee plants is 61 trees; the total cost per year for trees is $46,918.85. Plant as early in the spring as possible, when there is high soil moisture and cool temperatures. Sometimes the best plan is simply to monitor and support the natural growth of new trees. If making spot herbicide applications, it is a good idea to mark your planting spots with flags or stakes as they may not be obvious in the early spring, when most grasses and weeds are brown. After gathering information about the site, the best tree species, the number of seedlings needed, and the planned layout, it is time to order seedlings. Fix or replace any downed, damaged, or leaning protectors. Figure 2. For trees in containers, gently slide the root ball out of the pot and into the hole. Install tree seedling protection/shelters. Keep roots moist by adding a small amount of water to the open end of the bundles, and do not handle seedlings until you are ready to plant. To germinate maple tree seeds, try the cold stratification approach by first filling a plastic bag with growing materials such as peat moss, vermiculite, or germination paper. A successful planting comes from a combination of good timing, good luck, hard work, and knowledge of the planting site and tree species. Sites are most commonly mowed in mid-August and then treated with a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate (e.g., Rodeo and Roundup) and/or a preemergent herbicide such as sulfometuron-methyl (e.g., Oust XP and Spyder) a few weeks later. State forestry and wildlife agency nurseries, county conservation districts, and private nurseries are possible sources of tree seedlings. Transplants generally cost more, but they may be more resilient to transplanting stress. If soil is compacted, light disking prior to planting may be necessary and can increase seedling survival. For old field sites, a combination of mowing and herbicide or herbicide and disking treatments are most effective. Control weeds and grasses around seedlings and push or tap shelters back down in early spring following winter frost heaving. When a tree is planted near a permanent structure made of concrete (i.e. Under these conditions, roots are less likely to dry out before getting them in the ground. Organic mulches (top) and commercial weed barrier fabric (bottom) can provide some level of weed control around planted trees. Once the specific Maple species has been chosen, order the tree from The Tree Center. Another way to determine the soil type on your site is to consult the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Soil Survey Maps, which are available at your local conservation district office or online. The site was also treated with an herbicide prior to planting to control competing vegetation. Photos by David Jackson unless otherwise noted. Appendix A provides a calendar outlining steps for tree planting reforestation projects. Sometimes bears will destroy your planting investment. Landowners may also wish to introduce native tree species that provide food and cover for wildlife. Figure 5. Jackson, D., "Landowner Guide to Tree Planting Success," Webinar Recording, Penn State Extension Forest Resources, September 13, 2011.
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