“They are unprecedented. Surveillance capitalism and privacy. Rather than paradise, it seems a recipe for a new breed of madness. “This will continue to be true in the future, no doubt more than ever: New forms of organization and ownership remain to be invented.”73 Harvard philosopher Roberto Unger enlarges on this point, arguing that market forms can take any number of distinct legal and institutional directions, “each with dramatic consequences for every aspect of social life” and “immense importance for the future of humanity.”74. Despite the democratic promise of its rhetoric and capabilities, it contributed to a new Gilded Age of extreme wealth inequality, as well as to once-unimaginable new forms of economic exclusivity and new sources of social inequality that separate the tuners from the tuned. As a result, Zuboff argues, this new, aberrant form of capitalism portends a society in which capitalism no longer nurtures “inclusive economic or … The remarkable questions here concern the facts that our lives are rendered as behavioral data in the first place; that ignorance is a condition of this ubiquitous rendition; that decision rights vanish before one even knows that there is a decision to make; that there are consequences to this diminishment of rights that we can neither see nor foretell; that there is no exit, no voice, and no loyalty, only helplessness, resignation, and psychic numbing; and that encryption is the only positive action left to discuss when we sit around the dinner table and casually ponder how to hide from the forces that hide from us.”, “Google is a shape-shifter, but each shape harbors the same aim: to hunt and capture raw material. What do you do? And while the work of these inventions awaits us, this mobilization and the resistance it engenders will define a key battleground upon which the fight for a human future unfolds.”, “Mass production was aimed at new sources of demand in the early twentieth century’s first mass consumers. We choose the fallibility of shared promises and problem solving over the certain tyranny imposed by a dominant power or plan because this is the price we pay for freedom to will, which founds our right to the future tense. Certain radical critiques of capitalism posit that it must necessarily monetize everything in time. Instrumentarian power has gathered strength outside of mankind but also outside of democracy. In surveillance capitalism, cold, calculated manipulation replaces the aggregated choices of a large number of freely acting individuals. Compare Car Insurance Quotes. There can be no law to protect us from the unprecedented, and democratic societies, like the innocent world of the Tainos, are vulnerable to unprecedented power. In this way, surveillance capitalism imposes a fundamentally illegitimate choice that twenty-first century individuals should not have to make, and its normalization leaves us singing in our chains.”, “The real psychological truth is this: If you’ve got nothing to hide, you are nothing.”, “What would hold society together in the absence of the rules and rituals of clan and kin? By John Laidler Harvard Correspondent. I turn once more to Tom Paine, who called upon each generation to assert its will when illegitimate forces hijack the future and we find ourselves hurled toward a destiny that we did not choose: “The rights of men in society are neither devisable, nor transferable, nor annihilable, but are descendible only; and it is not in the power of any generation to intercept finally and cut off the descent. Yes, it looks on the surface like there's democratization of knowledge. The role of the behavioral value reinvestment cycle that had once aligned Google with its users changed dramatically. Best Student Loans. December 21, 2018. That’s the new smart sensor tech. An alternative to the phrase surveillance capitalism would be personalised capitalism. Ford was clear on this point: “Mass production begins in the perception of a public need.”73 Supply and demand were linked effects of the new “conditions of existence” that defined the lives of my great-grandparents Sophie and Max and other travelers in the first modernity. The Fight for the Soul of Our Information Civilization. It had to give way, he insisted, to a new synthesis that reunited capitalism and its populations. And that private human experience is reinterpreted as a free source of raw material for translation into behavioral data. Surveillance capitalism only became possible through the development of the internet. THORN They're making our food out of people. As a result, surveillance capitalists now wield a uniquely 21st century quality of power, … Then you learn that any time you plant a nail in a board with your machine learning hammer, you can extract value from that formerly dumb plank. • The Age of Surveillance Capitalism is published by Profile (£25). Surveillance Capitalism and the Challenge of Collective Action By Shoshana Zuboff/ New Labor Forum. This book is intended as a contribution to that collective effort. To order a copy go to guardianbookshop.com or call 0330 333 6846. Surveillance capitalism promotes what Zuboff calls a “machine hive in which our freedom is forfeit to perfect knowledge administered for others’ profit.” She observes that while we live a sixth extinction due to industrial capitalism, a seventh looms on the horizon. And there has never been a better way to collect information about people than the internet and the services it provides.The problem for users is that there is so much value in user data that if people try to hide their identity, websites may prevent people from viewing their content. Surveillance capitalism is the business of taking the data of people and making use of it to generate profit. Information processing is developing, therefore, into an essential element of long-term strategies of manipulation intended to mold and adjust individual conduct.”34”, “The absolute authority of market forces would be enshrined as the ultimate source of imperative control, displacing democratic contest and deliberation with an ideology of atomized individuals sentenced to perpetual competition for scarce resources. This is the best book on privacy that I’ve ever read because it actually describes both the programs that are removing it and the likely, big-picture outcomes once that’s happened. It was the individual’s experience of insignificance, expendability, political isolation, and loneliness that stoked the fires of totalitarian terror. Best Personal Loans. “There is no single variety of capitalism or organization of production,” Piketty writes. Baby, won’t you ride my car? The Panopticon is an architectural design for a prison. It does feel incomplete, however, like a business book that falls short of politics, or one crafted with a Manichean zeal that misses the nuances of history and daily life. Error rating book. ‘It [surveillance capitalim] works by providing free services that billions of people cheerfully use, enabling the providers of those services to monitor the behaviour of those users in astonishing detail – often without their explicit consent.’ Some quotes from Shoshana Zuboff to whet your appetite. Arendt, like Orwell, asserts the possibility of new beginnings that do not cleave to already visible lines of power. Its evolution has been marked by a convergence of basic principles—private property, the profit motive, and growth—but with new forms, norms, and practices in each era.72 This is precisely the lesson of Ford’s discovery and the logic behind successive episodes of revitalization over many centuries. It is a major mental disease, and its roots lie partly in cowardice and partly in the worship of power, which is not fully separable from cowardice.” Burnham’s “sensational” contradictions revealed his own enthrallment with power and a complete failure to ascertain the creative principle in human history. Written by one of the company’s long-standing and most influential executives, Andrew Bosworth, it provided a window into radical indifference as an applied discipline. Surveillance capitalism promotes what Zuboff calls a “machine hive in which our freedom is forfeit to perfect knowledge administered for others’ profit.” She observes that while we live a sixth extinction due to industrial capitalism, a seventh looms on the horizon. They help create the world they claim to merely ‘show’ us.”20 When”, “Research by media scholars Daniel Kreiss and Philip Howard indicates that the 2008 Obama campaign compiled significant data on more than 250 million Americans, including “a vast array of online behavioral and relational data collected from use of the campaign’s web site and third-party social media sites such as Facebook.…”96 Journalist Sasha Issenberg, who documented these developments in his book The Victory Lab, quotes one of Obama’s 2008 political consultants who likened predictive modeling to the tools of a fortune-teller: “We knew who… people were going to vote for before they decided.”, “Political correspondent Jim Rutenberg’s New York Times account of the data scientists’ seminal role in the 2012 Obama victory offers a vivid picture of the capture and analysis of behavioral surplus as a political methodology. Should we grow weary of our own struggle for self-determination and surrender instead to the seductions of Big Other, we will inadvertently trade a future of homecoming for an arid prospect of muted, sanitized tyranny. I repeat Thomas Piketty’s warning: “A market economy… if left to itself… contains powerful forces of divergence, which are potentially threatening to democratic societies and to the values of social justice on which they are based.”68 This is precisely the whirlwind that we will reap at the hands of surveillance capitalism, an unprecedented form of raw capitalism that is surely contributing to the tempering of commitment to the democratic prospect as it successfully bends populations to its soft-spoken will. Well, surveillance capitalism emulates this pattern, but with something that is an unexpected and even dark twist. The corporation thus created out of thin air and at zero marginal cost an asset class of vital raw materials derived from users’ nonmarket online behavior.”, “As legal scholar Frank Pasquale describes it, “The decisions at the Googleplex are made behind closed doors… the power to include, exclude, and rank is the power to ensure which public impressions become permanent and which remain fleeting.… Despite their claims of objectivity and neutrality, they are constantly making value-laden, controversial decisions. You start hammering like crazy and you never stop, unless somebody makes you stop. Ford’s invention deepened the reciprocities between capitalism and these populations. It ignores the key point that the essence of the exploitation here is the rendering of our lives as behavioral data for the sake of others’ improved control of us. The structure was created by Jeremy Brenton in 1791. It is also an unacceptable affront to democracy. While the internet is often credited with bringing freedom, its most important feature is … It is precisely in recognition of this dilemma that Piketty refuses to concede defeat, arguing that even “abnormal” dynamics of accumulation have been—and can again be—mitigated by democratic institutions that produce durable and effective countermeasures: “If we are to regain control of capital, we must bet everything on democracy.…”. They proved to be unequal to the freedom that fell into their laps.”67, Many have concluded from this turmoil that market democracy is no longer viable, despite the fact that the combination of markets and democracy has served humanity well, helping to lift much of humankind from millennia of ignorance, poverty, and pain. If the present generation or any other, are disposed to be slaves, it does not lessen the right of the succeeding generation to be free: wrongs cannot have a legal descent.”75, I tell them that the word “search” has meant a daring existential journey, not a finger tap to already existing answers; that “friend” is an embodied mystery that can be forged only face-to-face and heart-to-heart; and that “recognition” is the glimmer of homecoming we experience in our beloved’s face, not “facial recognition.” I say that it is not OK to have our best instincts for connection, empathy, and information exploited by a draconian quid pro quo that holds these goods hostage to the pervasive strip search of our lives. Surveillance. Reinvestment in user services became the method for attracting behavioral surplus, and users became the unwitting suppliers of raw material for a larger cycle of revenue generation.”, “Google had discovered a way to translate its nonmarket interactions with users into surplus raw material for the fabrication of products aimed at genuine market transactions with its real customers: advertisers.94 The translation of behavioral surplus from outside to inside the market finally enabled Google to convert investment into revenue. At some point in the internet’s development and evolution, someone decided that there was an opportunity to collect, store and monetize people’s data. Is this the life that we want for the most open, pliable, eager, self-conscious, and promising members of our society?”, “Uncertainty is not chaos but rather the necessary habitat of the present tense. Surveillance capitalism is an economic system centred around the commodification of personal data with the core purpose of profit-making.The concept of surveillance capitalism, as described by Shoshana Zuboff, arose as advertising companies, led by Google's AdWords, saw the possibilities of using personal data to target consumers more precisely. Adolescence and emerging adulthood in the hive are a human first, meticulously crafted by the science of behavioral engineering; institutionalized in the vast and complex architectures of computer-mediated means of behavior modification; overseen by Big Other; directed toward economies of scale, scope, and action in the capture of behavioral surplus; and funded by the surveillance capital that accrues from unprecedented concentrations of knowledge and power. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism is a powerful book that should be read. Google is one of the best and oldest examples of surveillance capitalism in action. “We talk about the good and the bad of our work often. Next thing they'll be breeding us like cattle for food. Among the many insults to democracy and democratic institutions imposed by this coup des gens, I count the unauthorized expropriation of human experience; the hijack of the division of learning in society; the structural independence from people; the stealthy imposition of the hive collective; the rise of instrumentarian power and the radical indifference that sustains its extractive logic; the construction, ownership, and operation of the means of behavior modification that is Big Other; the abrogation of the elemental right to the future tense and the elemental right to sanctuary; the degradation of the self-determining individual as the fulcrum of democratic life; and the insistence on psychic numbing as the answer to its illegitimate quid pro quo. Such ideologies, Arendt observed, appear as “a last support in a world where nobody is reliable and nothing can be relied upon.”66 Years later, in his moving 1966 essay “Education after Auschwitz,” social theorist Theodor Adorno attributed the success of German fascism to the ways in which the quest for effective life had become an overwhelming burden for too many people: “One must accept that fascism and the terror it caused are connected with the fact that the old established authorities… decayed and were toppled, while the people psychologically were not yet ready for self-determination. Under these conditions, “literally anything can become right or wrong if the dominant class of the moment so wills it.” Burnham’s loss of bearings allowed him “to think of Nazism as something rather admirable, something that could and probably would build up a workable and durable social order.”78, Orwell’s disgust is palpable: “It will be seen that at each point Burnham is predicting a continuation of the thing that is happening. Trending. For now I will refer to this whole complex more generally as the “apparatus.” Although the labels differ, they share a consistent vision: the everywhere, always-on instrumentation, datafication, connection, communication, and computation of all things, animate and inanimate, and all processes—natural, human, physiological, chemical, machine, administrative, vehicular, financial. Fauci says herd immunity possible … Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. In the conquest of nature, industrial capitalism’s victims were mute. An unbroken vista of virgin board stretches before you as far as you can see. It revives Karl Marx’s old image of capitalism as a vampire that feeds on labor, but with an unexpected turn. It survives and thrives by periodically renewing its roots in the social, finding new ways to generate new wealth by meeting new needs. Some propose more-humane economic alternatives,63 some anticipate protracted decline,64 and others, repelled by social complexity, favor a blend of elite power and authoritarian politics in closer emulation of China’s authoritarian system.65. BOB GARFIELD Shoshana Zuboff is professor emerita at Harvard Business School and author of The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. Using Karl Polanyi’s lens, we see that surveillance capitalism annexes human experience to the market dynamic so that it is reborn as behavior: the fourth “fictional commodity.” Polanyi’s first three fictional commodities—land, labor, and money—were subjected to law. That’s data monetization. We are at the beginning of this story, not the end. In all these cases the varied torrent of creative shapes is the sideshow to the main event: the continuous expansion of the extraction architecture to acquire raw material at scale to feed an expensive production process that makes prediction products that attract and retain more customers.”, “Right now, however, the extreme asymmetries of knowledge and power that have accrued to surveillance capitalism abrogate these elemental rights as our lives are unilaterally rendered as data, expropriated, and repurposed in new forms of social control, all of it in the service of others’ interests and in the absence of our awareness or means of combat. She reminds us that every beginning, seen from the perspective of the framework that it interrupts, is a miracle. That critique is a feat of misdirection that would use a pricing mechanism to institutionalize and therefore legitimate the extraction of human behavior for manufacturing and sale. It revives Karl Marx's image of capitalism as a vampire that feeds on labor, but with an unexpected turn. Real-world activity is continuously rendered from phones, cars, streets, homes, shops, bodies, trees, buildings, airports, and cities back to the digital realm, where it finds new life as data ready for transformation into predictions, all of it filling the ever-expanding pages of the shadow text.4”, “According to the philosopher of language John Searle, a declaration is a particular way of speaking and acting that establishes facts out of thin air, creating a new reality where there was nothing.”, “He insists that ubiquitous sensor information and computing will be “an extension of ourselves rather than an embodiment of an ‘other.’” Information will stream “directly into our eyes and ears once we enter the age of wearables… the boundaries of the individual will be very blurry in this future.”, “individualization is a consequence of long-term processes of modernization.”, “The first of these was “data extraction and analysis,” from which we deduced the extraction imperative as one of the foundational mechanisms of surveillance capitalism.”, “the other three new uses—“new contractual forms due to better monitoring,” “personalization and customization,” and “continuous experiments”—“will, in time, become even more important than the first.”, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power, Master or Slave? Listen to me, Hatcher. 1. In our time, surveillance capitalism repeats capitalism’s “original sin” of primitive accumulation. It gives so much, but it takes even more. And that is: Surveillance capitalism claims private human experience for the market dynamic. "At its core, surveillance capitalism is parasitic and self-referential. “These things are brand-new,” I tell them. We have yet to invent the politics and new forms of collaborative action—this century’s equivalent of the social movements of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries that aimed to tether raw capitalism to society—that effectively assert the people’s right to a human future. When there is a miss from government surveillance activities, then the reaction tends to be an ever-closer analysis of the information that was collected already.
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